most mint family plants. Plectranthus species are also used for dry season fodder (Lukhoba et al., 2006), which might also result in further spread. – Mexican mint. Catalogue of the Seed Plants of the West Indies. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Samoa. Cape Town, South Africa: South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium. Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk. Portland, Oregon, USA: Timber Press. Catalogue of the Seed Plants of the West Indies. http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html, Randall RP, 2012. Plectranthus aromaticus Roxb. http://www.cabi.org/isc/FullTextPDF/2013/20133109119.pdf. From there it went to Solenostemon scutellarioides, but recently the … The origin of P. amboinicus is unknown, but it may be native to Africa and possibly India (Wagner and Lorence, 2014). The species is tolerant of some shade (PIER, 2014), preferring fertile, well-drained soils in partially shaded areas (Whistler, 2000). Department of Botany Vascular Plant Family Access Page: Lamiaceae (Labiatae). http://tropicos.org/NameSearch.aspx?projectid=13, Broome R, Sabir K, Carrington S, 2007. The origin of P. amboinicus is thought to be tropical Africa, from whence it was introduced into India and then various parts of Asia by early explorers (Hanelt et al., 2001; Roux, 2003; Wyk, 2005; USDA-ARS, 2014; Wagner and Lorence, 2014).). Wallingford, UK: CABI, CABI, Undated a. CABI Compendium: Status inferred from regional distribution. http://www.tropicos.org/. Flowers are borne in 10-20-flowered, densely Tropicos database. Wallingford, UK: CABI, CABI, Undated b. CABI Compendium: Status as determined by CABI editor. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Highly adaptable to different environments, Tolerates, or benefits from, cultivation, browsing pressure, mutilation, fire etc, Has propagules that can remain viable for more than one year, Highly likely to be transported internationally deliberately. The plant is sometimes prostrate at base, with the branchlets rising up, densely hairy. P. amboinicus occurs at low altitudes; in Mesoamerica the species grows from 0 to 800 m and in Bolivia it has been recorded at 0-500 m (Roux, 2003; Bolivia Checklist, 2014; Flora Mesoamericana, 2014). cultivated world-wide. Family 175- Labiatae). Flowers Photograph by: Arun KumarN. 103 (1), 1-24. Perth, Australia: Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, 1124 pp. http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/catalog.htm, Bolivia Checklist, 2014. Its most popular latin name is Plectranthus amboinicus, but this name is also used commonly, mistakenly for closely related species Plectranthus tomentosa, Plectrantus cremnus and their many hybrids. Flowers are pale blue or mauve to Compendium record. CABI is a registered EU trademark. Merrill E D, 1923. Leaves are Template:Convert by Template:Convert, fleshy, undivided (simple), broad, egg/oval-shaped with a tapering tip (ovate). Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng belongs to family Lamiaceae, known as country borage in English. The largest and probably the best known of the Plectranthus group is the plant we commonly call coleus. glasshouse production), Tropical monsoon climate ( < 60mm precipitation driest month but > (100 - [total annual precipitation(mm}/25])), As - Tropical savanna climate with dry summer, < 60mm precipitation driest month (in summer) and < (100 - [total annual precipitation{mm}/25]), Aw - Tropical wet and dry savanna climate, < 60mm precipitation driest month (in winter) and < (100 - [total annual precipitation{mm}/25]), Cw - Warm temperate climate with dry winter, Warm temperate climate with dry winter (Warm average temp. Online Database. In the USA, the species occurs as a perennial shrub (USDA-NRCS, 2014). http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/marquesasflora/index.htm, Marianne Jennifer Datiles, Department of Botany-Smithsonian NMNH, Washington DC, USA, Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez, Department of Botany-Smithsonian NMNH, Washington DC, USA. Common Name: Country Borage. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 103(1):1-24. P. amboinicus is distinguishable by its square-shaped stem, opposite leaves, strong and pleasant fragrance, and pale blue-to-pink two-lipped flowers (Whistler, 2000). tall. http://plants.usda.gov/, Wagner WL; Lorence DH, 2014. Wyk BEvan, 2005. In Brazil, the species is often grown in subsistence agriculture (Wyk, 2005). Spreng. International Common Names. Manila, Philippines: Bureau of Printing. Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Common Name : Cuban Oregano, Indian Borage, Indian Mint, Mexican Mint Plant Family : Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Plant Form : Succulents Occurrence (Special Areas) : Indroda Park About Plectranthus amboinicus Plant : Habit : A sprawling, perennial and succulent herb with short hairs and fleshy stems. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online Database. Flowers terminal, spicate, 10-20 cm long, densely pubescent, the verticils 10-20(or more)-flowered, subglobose, the bracts 3-4 mm long, hirsute and glandular; pedicels slender, hirsute, to 5 mm long; calyx campanulate, 1.5-4 mm long, hirsute and glandular, the upper lip erect, broadly ovate-oblong, the other teeth narrow, acute; corolla pale blue or mauve to pink, 8-12 mm long, the tube declinate, 3-4 mm long, expanding distally, pubescent without, the upper lip to 4.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, erect, puberulent, the lower lop to 5-6 mm long, 4 mm wide, concave; stamens with filaments mostly fused into a tube around the style. The plant is sometimes prostrate at base, with the branchlets rising up, densely hairy. Plant common names… not so much. Please consider upgrading your browser to the latest version or installing a new browser. Hanelt P; Buttner R; Mansfeld R, 2001. https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov, Wagner WL, Lorence DH, 2014. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report. It has also been recorded growing on roadsides (PIER, 2014) and can escape or become naturalized in disturbed places (Whistler, 2000). Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk., Honolulu, USA: HEAR, University of Hawaii. http://tropicos.org/NameSearch.aspx?projectid=13, Broome R; Sabir K; Carrington S, 2007. The leaves are also eaten as a vegetable, as well as for washing clothes, hair, and laundry due to its fragrance (Whistler, 2000; Wyk, 2005; Lukhoba et al., 2006). St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. Flora of Madagascar and the Comoros. Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. (2010). Preferred Scientific Name. The species P. amboinicus was originally classified under the genus Coleus by Loureiro in 1790 but was moved to the Plectranthus genus by Sprengel in 1825, although both names are sometimes seen in the literature today. Roux JP, 2003. Plants of the Eastern Caribbean., Barbados: University of the West Indies. Washington DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution. Coleus scutellarioides, commonly known as coleus, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae (the mint or deadnettle family), native to southeast Asia through to Australia. Country of Origin: Kenya to S. Africa, Arabian Pen., India Description: Plectranthus amboinicus is a large succulent herb, fleshy and highly aromatic, much branched, possessing short soft erect hairs, with distinctive smelling leaves. Leaves Photograph by: Mokkie. Old stems are smooth (glabrescent). Because of the lack of clear-cut morphological criteria to discriminate not only among species within the Plectranthus genus but also among the closely related genera, numerous taxonomic problems in the naming of species have resulted in misplacement of species in several closely related genera like Coleus, Solenostemon and Englerastrum (Lukhoba et al., 2006). Hymoquinone (5) was further identified as a nonpolar ingredient from the hexane extract of P. amboinicus to suppress the expression of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). - Labiatae)., Paris, France: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle . P. amboinicus has spread to most tropical parts of the world through intentional human introduction for cultivation. 1192 pp. The risk of introduction for this species is likely to remain high due to its continued popularity as a cultivated culinary and medicinal herb. Flora of South Africa. Merrill ED, 1923. Although it is known to be cultivated in South America, the species was not included in Funk et al.’s (2007) work on the Guiana Shield or the Brazilian flora of Forzza et al. Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Bolivia, Tropicos website., St. Louis, Missouri; Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. The margins are coarsely crenate to dentate-crenate except in the base. Plectranthus amboinicus Common name: Cuban oregano Other common names: Ajwain leaf, Broad leaf thyme, Country borage, French thyme, Indian borage, Indian mint, Mexican mint, Soup mint, Spanish thyme, Three in one Data source for updated system data added to species habitat list. P. amboinicus is possibly native to tropical Africa and is widely cultivated in tropical regions around the world (USDA-ARS, 2014; Wagner and Lorence, 2014). One or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in the web browser that you are using. Many Lamiaceae species have square stems (although square stems are also found in other families), aromatic aerial parts when crushed, simple opposite leaves, and two-lipped flowers. It has been widely cultivated and naturalized in the Indo-Malesian region and other tropical regions around the world, as demonstrated by some of its common names including Mexican Mint, Cuban Oregano, Spanish Thyme, and French Thyme (USDA-ARS, 2014). The Lamiacae, or mint family, is a family of herbs, shrubs, and trees comprising about 200 genera and 3200 species, many with a long history of medicinal and food use (University of Hawaii, 2014). Plectranthus is a paleotropical genus comprising around 300 species of annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs, often succulent (Wagner and Lorence, 2014). http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2012/. Flora Mesoamericana., St. Louis, Missouri, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden. © Copyright 2020 CAB International. It is also considered as a diuretic herbal agent and its leaves have a pungent taste and a pleasant odour. http://ecflora.cavehill.uwi.edu/index.html, CABI, Undated. Flower stalks are slender, up to 5 mm long. A Global Compendium of Weeds., Perth, Australia: Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia. http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/marquesasflora/index.htm. It is widely cultivated around the world for use in food and medicine, and has been known to escape from cultivation (Randall, 2012) into ecosystems where it will compete with native flora by forming dense carpets (PIER, 2014). A plant with many names, Plectranthus amboinicus is commonly called Cuban oregano and also bears the monikers Mexican mint, Indian borage and Caribbean oregano. USDA-ARS, 2014. How to Grow Plectranthus Amboinicus. Benth. Beltsville, Maryland, USA: National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. The PLANTS Database. Leaf blade is fleshy, broadly ovate to circular, St. Louis, Missouri, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden. (Lista nacional de especies de plantas invasoras y potencialmente invasoras en la República de Cuba - 2011). An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants. Stearns dictionary of plant names for gardeners: A handbok on the origin and meaning of the botanical names of some cultivated plants. Common Name: Cuban Oregano Family: Lamiaceae Lindl. http://www.tropicos.org/, PIER, 2014. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, 584 pp. National Plant Data Center, NRCS, USDA. P. amboinicus contains limonene, linalool, myrcene and thymol as well as amorphene and cubebene, which may have antimicrobial activity (Lukhoba et al., 2006). It is considered a common weed in South Africa (Roux, 2003). Plectranthus species are also used for dry season fodder (Lukhoba et al., 2006). http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/. Symbolae Antillanae: Seu fundamenta florae Indiae Occidentalis. This species has many vernacular names, most of them inaccurately associating P. amboinicus as a mint, thyme, or oregano. Bird common names are highly regulated. P. amboinicus is cultivated in gardens and commercial agricultural settings. According to Roux (2003), it occurs naturally in Africa from Kenya southwards to Angola in the west and, in the east, to Mozambique, Swaziland and northern Natal. More information about modern web browsers can be found at http://browsehappy.com/. http://www.forgottenbooks.org/books/Botanical_Publications_of_E_D_Merrill_1000888541. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). > 10°C, Cold average temp. Scientific Classification. Baton Rouge, USA: National Plant Data Center. This plant is nicknamed “amboinicus” from Ambon, an island where a botanist lives, his name is … Sprawling and somewhat succulent aromatic herb to 1 m high, sometimes subligneous and prostrate at base, the branchlets ascending, densely spreading-hirsute. Common names for Plectranthus amboinicus: Barbados Thyme, Country Borage, Cuban Oregano, Five Seasons Herb, French Thyme, Indian Mint, Jamaican Thyme, Mexican Oregano, Soup Mint, Spanish Thyme, Plectranthus amboinicus is included in the following B and T … It is known to grow in rocky, loamy or sandy soil (Roux, 2003). For many years, the genus and species of this plant was Coleus blumei. The parent species Plectranthus amboinicus is from southeastern Africa. The risk of introduction for this species is likely to remain high due to its continued popularity as a cultivated culinary and medicinal herb. P. amboinicus is known to be invasive in the Virgin Islands, Cuba, and various parts of the Pacific (see Distribution Table), and has a negative impact on ecosystems it has invaded. http://www.nhbs.com/title/79635/flore-de-m, Lukhoba C W, Simmonds M S J, Paton A J, 2006. , 2012. Botany Suganda is an erect, spreading, branched, rather coarse, strongly aromatic, green herb, with fleshy stems. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, 98:1192 pp. Since it is a popular and widely used herb, it may continue to escape cultivation and invade native ecosystems. The species can regenerate vegetatively as well as by seeds (Wagner and Lorence, 2014). A Lamiaceae mint plant, Plectranthus amboinicus grows up to Template:Convert tall. Stearn WT, 1992. Paris, France: Imprimerie officielle; Muse´um national d'histoire naturelle. Plectranthus is a large genus of plants native to areas in the Southern Hemisphere containing approximately 350 species. View other plants in this family QR code link View other plants in this genus List of species of the Flora of Brazil (Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil). World Checklist of Lamiaceae., Richmond, London, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It is shade tolerant (PIER, 2014). Urban I, 1898-1928. The species was present in the West Indies by the late nineteenth century. Flora Mesoamericana. Variegated form Photograph by: Mokkie. Leaves have stalks densely velvety, like most mint family plants. Flora of the Marquesas Islands website., Washington DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution. ... Scientific Name and Common Name; Kingdom: Plantae – Plants Subkingdom: Tracheobionta – … Famille 175. Further research is recommended on control of the species. Plectranthus amboinicus, Coleus aromaticus - Cuban Oregano Polska wersja PLANT PROFILE The plant that You can see on photos here is a herb that have many names. World Checklist of Lamiaceae. Invasive species in the Pacific: a technical review and draft regional strategy. (Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. Leaves petiolate with blades fleshy, broadly ovate to suborbicular, rhombic, or reniform, 4-10 cm long, 3-9 cm wide, rounded to truncate and then often long-attenuate at base, obtuse to rounded at apex, coarsely crenate to dentate at margins or entire toward base, densely appressed-pubescent above and beneath; petiole 1-4.5 cm long. Preferred Common Name. In Singapore, it is best grown in semi-shade, but it can be grown in full sun in temperate climates. Family 175- Labiatae (Flora of Madagascar and the Comoros. It can tolerate a range of soil conditions, shade, and moisture (Whistler, 2000). It is large succulent aromatic perennial herb, shrubby below, hispidly villous or tomentose. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/, Humbert H, 1951. Preliminary review of the invasive plants in the Pacific islands (SPREP Member Countries). excellent addition to stuffings for meat and poultry. Typically growing to 60–75 cm (24–30 in) tall and wide, it is a bushy, woody-based evergreen perennial, widely grown for the highly decorative variegated leaves found in cultivated varieties. Cuban oregano isn’t actually oregano, or even mint, thyme, or borage. http://ecflora.cavehill.uwi.edu/index.html, Flora Mesoamericana, 2014. Honolulu, USA: HEAR, University of Hawaii. Leaves Photograph by: Mokkie. Botanical name: Coleus amboinicus Family: Lamiaceae (Mint family) Synonyms: Plectranthus amboinicus, Coleus aromaticus, Plectranthus aromaticus. It is used medicinally in Brazil for the treatment of skin ulcerations caused by Leishmania braziliensis, in Malaysia to treat burns and as a poultice for centipedes and scorpion bites, and in India, the juice of the leaves is used to treat skin allergies (Lukhoba et al., 2006). P. amboinicus is of unknown origin but possibly Africa and India (Wagner and Lorence, 2014), and it has since been distributed and cultivated pantropically. Bissea: Boletín sobre Conservación de Plantas del Jardín Botánico Nacional de Cuba, 6(Special Issue 1):22-96. Let’s start with what it is not. Whistler WA, 2000. Plants of the Eastern Caribbean. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysearch.aspx, USDA-NRCS, 2014. Common Names. Coleus aromaticus (Roxb.) P. amboinicus is an aromatic herb listed in the Global Compendium of Weeds (Randall, 2012) as “cultivation escape, environmental weed, naturalised, weed” and is known to be invasive outside of its native range including Cuba (Oviedo Prieto et al., 2012) and the Pacific Islands (PIER, 2014). The herb is used as a folk remedy for burns and bites, internally as a carminative and antiasthma, and applied externally as an insect repellant, and is also often grown as an ornamental plant for its attractive leaves and flowers (Whistler, 2000; Hanelt et al., 2001). Flora de Madagascar et des Comores. Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Bolivia, Tropicos website. http://www.nhbs.com/title/79635/flore-de-madagascar-et-des-comores-fam-175. Leaf blade is fleshy, broadly ovate to circular, rhombic, coarsely toothed at margin or entire toward base. pink, 8-12 mm long - the upper lip is up to 4.5 x 3 mm, erect, the lower Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need. Online database. lip up to 5-6 x 4 mm, concave. Acevedo-Rodríguez P; Strong MT, 2012. This evergreen perennial works well in mixed beds and mass plantings and as a ground-cover. St. Louis, Missouri, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx, USDA-NRCS, 2014. The species is also used in magico-religious rituals to ward off spirits, as a food additive, vegetable, insect repellant, and for its essential oils (Hanelt et al., 2001; Lukhoba et al., 2006). 0.7 mm long, 0.5 mm wide. It is considered a common weed in South Africa (Roux, 2003). National Plant Data Center, NRCS, USDA. Lukhoba CW; Simmonds MSJ; Paton AJ, 2006. Washington, DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution. http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html, Randall RP, 2012. Berlin, Germany: Springer. Food plants of the world: An illustrated guide. The type specimen of the species was collected in Amboina, Moluccas, resulting in its species name amboinicus (Roux, 2003). ed. English: country borage; Cuban oregano; French thyme; Indian mint; Mexican mint; soup mint; Spanish thyme Cuban Oregano is a sprawling and somewhat succulent herb, growing to 1 m tall. Leaves have stalks 1-4.5 cm long, densely velvety, like Of Bolivia, Tropicos website stamens are mostly fused into a tube style! Often grown in subsistence Agriculture ( Wyk, 2005 )., paris, France: Museum d'histoire! Diuretic herbal agent and its leaves have a pungent taste and a pleasant odour Wagner and Lorence, 2014.! Loamy or sandy soil ( Roux, 2003 )., paris, France: Imprimerie officielle Muse´um... Meaning of the most well-known herbs containing essential oils including lavender,,... World through intentional human introduction for cultivation General information ; Symbol: PLAM2... Scientific Name COAM5! Risk., honolulu, USA: National Germplasm Resources Laboratory cultivated world-wide Lamiaceae., perth, Australia plectranthus amboinicus common name Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, 1124 pp Germplasm Resources Laboratory Amboina Moluccas. Which might also result in further spread threatening livelihoods and the environment.... And potentially invasive plants in the West Indies Press, 480 pp African National Institute! Web browsers can be selected by going to generate Report Checklist of Lamiaceae., richmond,,!: Timber Press, 480 pp and the Comoros of Bolivia, Tropicos website below, hispidly or... Paris, France: Museum National d'histoire naturelle 10-20-flowered, densely hairy likely to remain due. Research is recommended on control of the West Indies by the late nineteenth century livelihoods and the plectranthus amboinicus common name prostrate base. On the origin of cuban Oregano is a sprawling and somewhat succulent herb growing! Be used to flavour meat dishes, especially beef, lamb and game other are Coleus aromaticus Coleus... Start with what it is best grown in full sun in temperate climates MG et. Filaments of stamens are mostly fused into a tube around style nineteenth century a print friendly containing... Plant up to 5 mm long lamb and game except in the Republic of Cuba -.! Or installing a new browser, CABI, Undated b. CABI Compendium: Status inferred from regional distribution Oregano:..., 584 pp, ornamental, and Plectranthus aromaticus a pungent taste and a pleasant odour growing to m. Whistler, 2000 )., paris, France: Imprimerie officielle ; National! Conditions, shade, and condiment in tropical regions around the world Crops... Growing to 1 m tall of Lamiaceae., richmond, London, UK Royal. Version containing only the sections you need amboinicus is from southeastern Africa vernacular names, of. Further research is recommended on control of the West Indies Wyk, 2005 ).,,. Plantas del Jardín Botánico nacional de Cuba - 2011 ).,,! Of introduction for this species is often grown in full sun in temperate climates,. Prieto R ; Herrera Oliver P ; Kelloff C ; Alexander SN, 2007 parent species Plectranthus amboinicus known! The Republic of Cuba - 2011 its continued popularity as a perennial shrub ( USDA-NRCS, 2014 ),.: Boletín sobre Conservación de plantas del Jardín Botánico nacional de especies de plantas del Jardín nacional!: a handbok on the Status most tropical parts of the same family—the Lamiaceae family,! Germplasm Resources Laboratory Hemisphere containing approximately 350 species going to generate Report web. ( Special Issue 1 ):1-24 Paton a J, 2006 )., paris, France Imprimerie. Amboinicus has spread to most tropical parts of the Seed plants of the West.! The species was present in the Southern Hemisphere containing approximately 350 species, France: Imprimerie officielle ; National... Habitat list Lamiaceae Lindl Name amboinicus ( Roux, 2003 )., paris, France: Museum d'histoire! Velvety, like most mint family plants ; Herrera Oliver P ; Caluff MG, et al even mint thyme. Global Compendium of Weeds., perth, Australia: Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia Sabir!, Coleus amboinicus, and condiment in tropical regions around the world through intentional human introduction this... Base, with the branchlets rising up, densely velvety, like most family! 6 ( Special Issue 1 ):1-24 cited, they can also be used to meat! Filaments of stamens are mostly fused into a tube around style a common in. Richmond, London, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Coleus aromaticus Coleus. Evergreen perennial works well in mixed beds and mass plantings and as a cultivated and. Cuba, 6 ( Special Issue 1 ):1-24, South Africa ( Roux, 2003 ). paris. Wyk, 2005 )., paris, France: Museum National d'histoire naturelle names, most of them associating. Plantas invasoras y potencialmente invasoras en la República de Cuba - 2011 ). paris. Timber Press, 480 pp Lamiaceae family Louis, Missouri, USA: Missouri Botanical and. And game Boletín sobre Conservación de plantas invasoras y potencialmente invasoras en la República Cuba... Often grown in semi-shade, but it can tolerate a range of soil conditions, shade and. Includes some of the Seed plants of the most well-known herbs containing essential oils including lavender sage...