For example, in Schendel versus Bradford, a 1922 case involving the death of a child, the presiding judge protested, “This cold-blooded calculating measure of human life . Therefore, for any trouble that the children caused at work, mill owners usually left their discipline up to the parents.87 This approach illustrates just how closely the mill was integrated into the family structure. Women and children dominated pre-Civil War manufacturing; however, the low volume of manufacturing caused the number of children employed to remain at low levels.37 The advances in manufacturing techniques in the post-Civil War years increased opportunities for children and led society to take advantage of this productive capacity. Once agreements were signed, the children were swept off to America where they were forced to become street performers with all of their earnings provided to the padrone. The family, particularly the women and children, was central to mill operation.67 The Southern mill and the labors associated with it are iconic. 60 “Police move to stop the noise of newsboys,” New York Times, October 4, 1917, ProQuest Historic Newspapers. 118 Zelizer, Pricing the priceless child, p. 152. While their coal-stained faces have now become known through pictures, at the time, the children who worked in mines labored in relative obscurity. I don’t like home. In annual reports, the CAS published letters that highlighted the productive capacity of the children. Human trafficking can occur within a country or trans-nationally. Harmful child labour is a serious problem in a number of countries. Home-based businesses provided children a chance to labor by assembling flowers or other items.50 With so many avenues available for employment, children were seen as a resource, rather than a drain, to many parents who were struggling financially.51. The rationale for perpetuating or prohibiting child labor can be explained by a number of theories. Although some required farm duties had become increasingly mechanized, most tasks were still largely done by hand. Occupational changes during the 20th century, Monthly Labor Review, March 2006. ), Industrial Revolution Child Labor - Questions and Key (8 Pages), Industrial Revolution Child Labor - PowerPoint with Cloze Notes (64 Total Slides), Industrial Revolution in the USA - PowerPoint with Notes Copy (74 Total Slides), Industrial Revolution Impacts - PowerPoint with Notes Copy (62 Total Slides), Industrial Revolution Causes - PowerPoint with Notes Copy (44 Total Slides), Industrial Revolution Working Conditions - PowerPoint with Notes Copy (36 Total Slides), Industrial Revolution Why Britain Was First - PowerPoint with Notes Copy (54 Total Slides), Industrial Revolution Living Conditions - PowerPoint with Notes Copy (30 Total Slides), Industrial Revolution Inventions and Inventors - PowerPoint with Notes Copy, where the Industrial Revolution first began, Britain was the first country to industrialize, https://www.historycrunch.com/child-labor-in-the-industrial-revolution.html#/. It is not possible for a man who has been working on a farm, who is an adult—after the age of 21 years, for instance—to become a skilled employee in a cotton mill. 108 Zelizer, Pricing the priceless child, p. 142. 492, the so-called Lottery Case, in which it was held that Congress might pass a law having the effect to keep the channels of commerce free from use in the transportation of tickets used in the promotion of lottery schemes. This welcoming of children in the workplace was also in the long-term interest of the mill owner because the children could familiarize themselves with their future workplace.82 At recess during the school day, other children helped by bringing their parents and older siblings meals.83 In many cases, these same children soon made their way to the mill working full time. unemployment; poverty; and child labour: these are the main issues faced by many underdeveloped and developing countries. Child labor also creates a vicious cycle of illiteracy and low income, while also depriving the adults of better employment opportunities and higher wages. As child labor expanded through the end of the 19th century, these practices diminished. Labor law highlights, 1915–2015, Monthly Labor Review, October 2015. Thinking of the children as more than just their economic value eventually helped change the role of the children of the working class in American society.119 In combination with a greater awareness of the exploitive practices of some employers, this change in thinking helped propel reform efforts that, in time, led to an end of widespread child labor in the United States. The act was later declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. it would make an immediate difference of $13,500 a year to the value produced in the town!”30, Although the economic value of work for children was emphasized, its perceived underlying benefit was also important in its growth in the 19th century. It is a brief introduction to the topic of child labor, with a few discussion questions and a short section on the activist work of Craig Kielburger and Iqbal Masih. This “helper system” enabled children younger than 10 to assist their mothers with any minor chores required at the mill.80 These children, though, did not earn their own wage. 51 Zelizer, Pricing the priceless child, p. 6. He was just 13 years old. Not just mill owners insisted upon this arrangement. 9 Walter I. Trattner, Crusade for the children: a history of the National Child Labor Committee and child labor reform in America (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1970), p. 21. 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